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Wednesday, August 27, 2014

Generalization of the Tube Lemma (3.26.9)

James Munkres Topology, chapter 3.26, exercise 9:

MathJax TeX Test Page Let AX and BY be compact. Then show that for every open neighborhood NX×Y of A×B we have A×BU×VN for some open UX and VY.

Proof: We first show the partially generalized lemma when A={a} is a single point. Since a×BB is compact, we obtain a×B(Ui×Vi) when UiX and ViY are open, for finitely many indices i. We may assume each Ui is a neighborhood of a. We let U=Ui and V=Vi and claim they satisfy the lemma presented; this is evident since U×ViUi×ViN for all i hence U×V=(U×Vi)N, and also a×ba×B implies bVi for some i so a×BU×V.

So by this partially generalized tube lemma, for each aA let UaX be a neighborhood of a and VaY be open such that Ua×VaN. Since A is compact, we may choose a finite subset AA such that AαAUα. We let U=Uα and V=Vα and claim they satisfy the lemma presented. Since Uα×VUα×VαN we see U×V=(Uα×V)N. As well, for each αA we have α×BUα×Vα so that BVα, implying BV. And since the Uα cover A by construction we have A×B(Uα×V)U×V. 

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