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Saturday, January 3, 2015

R^ω Under the l^2 Metric is Complete (7.43.7)

James Munkres Topology, chapter 7.43, exercise 7:

MathJax TeX Test Page Show that the subspace of ω of those sequences (xn) such that x2n converges is complete under the 2 metric.

Proof: Let (fn) be a Cauchy sequence under this metric. Since the 2 distance between any two points is at least as large as the uniform distance in ω, and since the metric under the latter is complete is complete, let fnf in the uniform topology. It suffices to show fnf in the 2 metric. Let ε>0; let N be such that d2(fn,fm)<ε/2 for n,mN. We shall proceed by showing d2(f,fN)ε/2 so that d2(f,fn)<ε for all nN, and this former will be demonstrated by showing d2(f,fN)>ε/2 implies a neighborhood about f in the uniform topology that does not intersect any fn for nN, a contradiction.

Therefore, assume d2(f,fN)>ε/2, and let (f(1)fN(1))2+...+(f(n)fN(n))2=ε/2+δ for some n and δ>0. Consider the uniform δ/n neighborhood U about f; for any gU, it is evident that d2(fN,g)ε/2 (otherwise, consider the first n coordinates of f, fN, and g in n and apply the triangle inequality), so that gfm for any mN. 

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