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Wednesday, June 5, 2013

Direct Sum Equivalences (10.3.21)

Dummit and Foote Abstract Algebra, section 10.3, exercise 21:

MathJax TeX Test Page Let I be an indexing set for submodules Ni of M. ProveiINiiINi({i1,...,ik}INi1(Ni2+...+Nik)=0)({i1,...,ik}INi1+...+Nik=Ni1...Nik)(xiINi!aiNi s.t. (|{y | 0yai}|<x=y))Proof: (i) (ii) Let nNi1(Ni2+...+Nik)). By the first half, we can simply write n as a sum, and by the second half we can write a sum only using elements of Ni2,...,Nik, which would necessarily be distinct sums when n0.

(ii) (iii) This is simply proposition 5 applied to Ni1+...+Nik.

(iii) (iv) Since xiINi, we must necessarily have it written as a finite sum of nonzero elements, say x=kKbk for some finite KI where bk0 for all k. Assume further that x=jJcj for some finite JI where bj0 for all j, is another sum. We thus have xlJKNl=lJKNl is writable as two sums, so that these two sums are in fact the same.

(iv) (i) Define φ:iINiiINi by x=nini where ni is the unique sum representation of x. We easily see this is a well-defined isomorphism of R-modules. 

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